Računovodstvo, revizija i financije 11/2014

The amended Income Tax Act has introduced a number of new provisions. The changes refer to the bases for application of the corresponding rates according to the tax classes in favour of the medium tax rate of 25%. Accordingly, the net salary of such employees has been increased due to the reduced tax. Besides, the personal exemption of each employee has been increased, resulting in the reduced calculated tax. The Amendments have introduced the tax on interests (savings and marketable securities), the interests on loans and the yields from investment funds.
 

The introduction of the tax on interests has caused new problems to the people who have savings accounts in banks due to the increased tax liabilities and the reduced receipts. Tax regulations are changed and revised. In the case when income tax were introduced on savings interests and not on the yields from investment funds, tax advisors could decide between staying within the safety of banks and pay the tax or choosing the risk of investing into investment funds, without paying the tax.
 

The system of profit taxation in Croatia is to be changed again. This time the changes comprise the requirements to recognize reliefs for re-investing. According to the proposed amendments to the Profit Tax Act re-investing is to be made through investments into long-term tangible assets in the period when the profit was made. The amendments also comprise income as the condition of income tax payers for entry into the system of profit tax payers. Now, the amount of the income realized in the previous period is three million HRK. Non-profit organizations and institutions, which so far have not been obliged to pay tax, should now report the activity from which they make a profit.
 

One of the basic requirements of the accounting standards comprises the recording per fai value. The reduction of the assets to the fair value results in the increase or decrease of the asset value, i.e. the increase or decrease of expenditure or income. The expenditure which arose due to the reduction of the assets to fair value is not always recognized in terms of taxation. The article presents the procedure of reducing accounts receivable trade to the fair value, the recording of value adjustment and writing off accounts receivable trade, including the tax position of such value adjustments and write-offs.
 

Besides corn and barley, the Croatian agricultural companies invest into wheat production. Such an agricultural activity is performed within the period of one year. However, it requires the determination of the key according to which the general expenses will be distributed, which is the case with all other cereals. The author of the article explains the requirements of the accounting standards which refer to the wheat production and presents the example of the complete calculation and recording of the expenses of wheat production.
 

Promotion and entertainment costs are common costs of a company’s operations. Their tax status is different from the viewpoint of VAT payment and profit tax calculation. Promotion costs are recognized in terms of taxation, whereas entertainment costs have a specific tax position. Besides the above stated costs, which are in some cases difficult to differentiate, the article analyzes the costs of gift giving to business partners, humanitarian organizations and institutions performing social activities of general importance.
 

This budgetary workshop records and explains the recordings of the ways how to reduce the receivables in the budget which are not related to the public payments, but refer to the new principles of their collection or write-off: 1) Written-off Receivables; 2) Collection of Payment in Instalments and 3) Sales of Receivables.
  Upon writing off receivables the amount of the written off receivables should be recorded on the account 91512 Changes in Asset Volume.
  Upon the payment in instalments a special attention should be paid to recording of the calculated interests. They have to be recorded separately from the original income.
  If receivables are sold, a special attention should be paid to the time of recording the original income and the need of the possible value adjustment of receivables.

A non-profit organization may without taxes pay the expenses of a business trip to the persons who are not employed with this organization under certain conditions and up to certain amounts, all according to the tax regulations. This workshop presents the ways and conditions of payments of business trips expenses to the persons not employed with the non-profit organization, who have gone on a business trip for the needs of such an organization.
 

The Act on Financial Transactions and Accounting of Non-Profit Organisations has been passed and becomes effective on 1 January 2015. It introduces new working standards in the system of non-profit organisations, whereby a special attention is paid to the system of monitoring and control.
  The article presents the entire overview of this Act with a special emphasis on the differences, compared to the existing system which is applied until 31 December 2014.
 

According to the presently valid regulations the expenses for business trips, except the use of a private car, subject to the application of the calculation principle. In 2014 they are to be submitted in the JOPPD Form. The article analyses the calculation principle of the travel order and the presentation of the corrected and additional expenses which arose on a business trip, which should be recorded and the case when the travel order should be paid according to the regulations valid in 2014.

The Croatian Pension Insurance Institute keeps the data on each insured person based on the application for the mandatory pension insurance in the corresponding forms. The possible change of the data of the insured person is also registered in the corresponding forms.
 

Podsjećamo poslodavce da kod zadnje isplate plaće u prosincu treba sastaviti konačni (godišnji) obračun poreza i prireza iz svih isplaćenih plaća u 2014. bez obzira na to u kojim su mjesecima plaće ostvarene. To se osobito odnosi na poslodavce koji su isplaćivali plaće u različitim visinama u pojedinim mjesecima ili su osim plaće isplaćivali i neke druge primitke oporezive kao plaća, a ne odnose se na plaću za određeni mjesec, pa je došlo do neravnomjernog oporezivanja. To se odnosi i na poslodavca koji nije isplaćivao plaće redovito pa nije bilo moguće iskoristiti sve pripadajuće mjesečne osobne odbitke. Jednako tako treba obaviti konačni obračun poreza i prireza iz plaća za radnike koji nisu cijelu godinu radili koristeći neka od prava iz socijalnog osiguranja (bolovanje, rodiljni dopust i sl.) ili iz bilo kojih razloga nisu iskorišteni svi pripadajući osobni odbitci. Prema prijedlogu Zakona o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o porezu na dohodak, kod obračuna poreza na plaće koje će se isplaćivati nakon 1. prosinca, primjenjivati će se osobni odbitak u svoti od 2.600,00 kn što će biti primijenjeno i kod sastavljanja godišnjeg obračuna poreza iz plaće za 2014. Prvi se put izviješće o konačnom obračunu plaće podnosi Poreznoj upravi na obrascu JOPPD. Sva objašnjenja u vezi s tim nalaze se u ovom članku.
  1. Uvod
  2. U kojim je slučajevima poslodavac obvezan izvršiti godišnji obračun
  3. Kada poslodavac može izvršiti godišnji obračun
  4. U kojem slučaju nije moguće sastaviti godišnji obračun
  5. Kako se sastavlja godišnji obračun
  6. Primjeri godišnjeg obračuna i ispunjavanje obrasca JOPPD
  7. Obveza sastavljanja obrasca IP
  8. Zaključak

The author of the article presents the conditions under which the Croatian tax payers may obtain a VAT return from the third countries, comprising detailed instructions for the following countries: Bosnia and Hercegovina, Republic of Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Switzerland, Norway and Island. Other countries and the conditions for VAT return are presented in a table, as well as websites of the authorized tax administrations in these countries.

The obligation of submitting a special report in the PPO 2013/2014 Form has been introduced for the deliveries made in Croatia which subject to the domestic reversed charge of tax liabilities, including construction services and deliveries of waste and used-up materials and other deliveries stated in the Art. 75, Par.3 of the Value Added Tax Act. Tax payers should submit two PPO Forms until 31 October 2014. The first Form comprises the period from 1 July 2013 to 31 December 2013 and the second Form comprises the period from 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2014. The Form for the period from 1 July 2014 to 31 December 2014 should be also electronically submitted by tax payers until 28 February 2015.
 

Domestic companies pay to foreign physical persons – non-residents – a number of various compensations. Such payments may subject to different calculations of income tax, depending on several important facts. Although a non-resident in the Republic of Croatia may realize taxable receipts, which may be taxed with income tax based on all the sources of income (income from non-independent work, income from capital, etc.) this article specifically presents the taxation of receipts which are regarded as other income according to the Croatian regulations.
 

Transfer prices occur only in the business and financial transactions between affiliated companies and do not represent the result of the market relations between independent persons. The calculated prices, including transfer prices, affect the presented income and expenditure, i.e. the business result of the specific economic entity of the multinational company in a certain state and, accordingly, also the profit tax amount of such an economic entity as a tax payer. In order to ensure the corresponding tax base of the multinational companies in certain states, transfer prices should be determined by the application of the recognized world standards, i.e. using the measurements of an independent market principle and the method of determination of transfer prices recognized by the OECD.
  The article analyzes the use of five methods of determination of transfer prices recognized by the OECD and stresses the most important issues which should be considered upon their application.
 

Before starting their auditing activities auditors send a list of documentation to be prepared by the company. The company is obliged to prepare the complete documentation, documents and reports required by the auditor. In the opposite case an auditor may issue a modified report due to inability of obtaining the effects of the potentially incorrect presentation of financial reports. The article also presents other obligations of the company to be audited.
 

Control tests refer to the auditing procedures which are carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of the implemented control upon prevention, disclosure and correction of the substantially incorrect presentations on the statement level. The article explains the forming of the sample, the selection of the type and the time of control testings, the realization of the planned control testings and the assessment of the results obtained after these control testings.
 

 Tijekom rasprave i postupka usvajanja odredaba MSFI-ja 9, sudionici u raspravi u vezi s prijedlogom ovog standarda složili su se da odredbe MRS-a 39, koje se odnose na financijske obveze, ne treba mijenjati jer su postavljene na odgovarajući, prihvatljiv način. Prevladavalo je stajalište da nema potrebe mijenjati osnovne postavke tog standarda koje se odnose na financijske obveze, stoga je računovodstveni postupak iz MRS-a 39, jednostavno, gotovo neizmijenjen, prenesen u MSFI 9. To, u pravilu, znači da se gotovo sve financijske obveze iskazuju po amortiziranim troškovima nabave.
  Kako MSFI 9 sadržava jednake mogućnosti i gotovo jednaka rješenja kao i MRS 39, dopušta se poduzeću da izabere, ako smatra da je ta mogućnost njemu povoljnija, i mjerenje financijskih obveza po fer vrijednosti kroz izvještaj o dobitku ili gubitku, ali pod uvjetom da su zadovoljeni određeni kriteriji, koji se navode u nastavku. Primjerice, poduzeće može izabrati mjerenje složenih financijskih obveza po fer vrijednosti u cijelosti, umjesto da se zahtijeva knjiženje po njihovim komponentama. Takvo se mjerenje smatra izborom opcije fer vrijednosti.
  1. Klasifikacija financijskih obveza
  2. Opcija iskazivanja financijskih obveza po fer vrijednosti kroz dobitak ili gubitak

1. Male i srednje tvrtke i dalje ne zapošljavaju
  2. Češka uvodi sniženu stopu PDV-a
  3. Grčka uravnotežila proračun i smanjuje poreze
  4. Francuski javni dug 2.000 mlrd eura, deficit i dalje previsok
  5. Njemačko ‘ne’ moglo bi eurozonu odvesti u recesiju
  6. EU pokrenuo istragu protiv Applea i Amazona zbog nelegalne državne pomoći

The office for prevention of money laundering represents a special organisational unit at the Ministry of Finance which has specifics tasks and obligations according to the Act on Prevention of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism. The persons obliged to apply the above stated Act should fulfil their obligations to the Office, so that the Office could meet its legal obligations. Under certain circumstances the Office may make claims from the persons who are not obliged to apply the above stated Act.
  The article presents an overview of some common relations between the persons obliged to apply the above stated Act and the Office.
 

The common policy in fishery should ensure for the activities in fishery and acquaculture to contribute to the long lasting, environment-friendly, economic and social sustainability.Its regulations are aimed at providing safety and quality of the products placed on the EU market. The Act on Common Policy in Fishery should contribute to the increased productivity, a decent standard of living in fishery and the market stability, so that fish and acquaculture products reach the customer at reasonable prices, all in order to achieve the goals determined in the Strategy Europe 2020.

Certain regulations on the conditions for performing trading activities have ben changed. The Act on Trade does not any more determine in the specific way the trading activity in transit. The special enactments define the conditions which a trader has to fulfil in order to perform distant trade. The goods which are being sold and stored at distance should have a warehouse that should fulfil minimum technical conditions. The services which are sold at distance and the goods which are not stored do not require the applications for the minimum technical conditions.

The new Labour Act has introduced some new and changed some old institutes in labour law. This article analyses the issues such as the right to the annual holiday, the duration of the annual holiday, the possibility of using the right to the proportional part of the annual holiday, the compensation of salary during the period of using the annual holiday, the possibility of using the annual holiday in parts, etc. The author also stresses the issues of the annulment of waiving the right to the annual holiday. According to the above stated Act, the right to the transfer of the unused annual holiday into the following calendar year still remains valid, as well as the right to the payment of compensation for the unused annual holiday.
 

The question of validity of the decisions made by the general assembly represents one of the most complex and frequently asked questions presented at commercial courts. The article analyses the presumptions for appealing to the absolutely and relatively invalid decisions made by the PLC assembly and the consequences of the successful appeal. Besides an overview of the legal regulations, this article presents a substantial number of the decisions made by the High Commercial Court, which additionally explain the attitudes taken upon certain issues, which arose in front of the courts in view of the application of the Companies’ Act so far.
 

Due to the fact that the Act on Financial Transactions and Accounting of Non-Profit Organisations becomes effective on 1 January 2015, the control of such organisations also begins in accordance with this Act. Since it represents an important news in the operations of non-profit organisations, this article specifically presents the financial control and the budget control.
 

A frequently asked question is whether it is necessary to issue a travel worksheet for the vehicle owned by the entrepreneur (legal/physical person). The term of a travel worksheet is determined by the specific act in the field of road transportation, but it does not comprise the transportation for a person’s own needs.
  Besides the fact that the corresponding documents should be in the vehicle according to the regulations in this field, the vehicles used for the transportation for a person’s own needs should fulfil certain specific conditions.
 

1. Opći pregled
  2. Cijene u RH i EU-u
  3. Industrijska proizvodnja RH i EU-a
  4. Proizvođačke cijene industrije RH i EU-a
  5. Vanjskotrgovinska razmjena
  6. Trgovina na malo u RH i EU-u
  7. Turizam
  8. Plaće
  9. Likvidnost i insolventnost
  10. Zaposlenost i nezaposlenost Hrvatske i EU-a