The income tax from salaries which will be paid in January 2015, regardless of the period in which they were realized, will be paid according to the new provisions of the Income Tax Act. The new provisions refer to the increased monthly personal exemption from HRK 2,200.00 to HRK 2,600.00 and the extension of the second tax class from HRK 2,200.00 up to HRK 13,200.00. Such changes will result in the tax reduction of net salaries. Due to the fact that the increase of net salaries is based on the tax reduction, it is expected that the increase of net salaries will comprise more those persons with higher salaries, who also pay higher taxes. Taking into consideration that the amount of the income tax depends on the amount of the salary, the amount of the non-taxable part of income (personal exemption) and the amount of the pre-tax according to the place of residence or the usual place of residence of the tax payer, the reduction of the tax cannot be equal for all the tax payers. The increase of the net salary will amount between HRK 30.00 to HRK 1,000.00, starting with the minimum salary up to the salary amounting to HRK 20,000.00 i.e. 25,000.00 (gross).
Autor: Lucija TURKOVIĆ-JARŽA, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
The amendments to the VAT Act and the VAT Rulebook are expected as of 1 January 2015, which present the result of the obligation of compliance of the Croatian VAT regulations with the Directive of the EU Council 2006/112/EC. Besides the application of the simplified taxation of the electronic and telecommunication services, which are necessary due to the compliance with the Directives on VAT taxation, the proposed amendments to the VAT Act include the taxation of deliveries according to the collected payments of tax payers, whose deliveries in the previous calendar year were not higher than 3m HRK, without VAT, the cancellation of the obligation of submitting the final VAT account in the PDV-K Form, the changed way of taxation of real estate and the introduction of the obligation to adjust VAT on stocks.
If employers do not recruit a sufficient number of persons with disability until 1 January 2015, they will be obliged to pay a compensation in cash. As of 1 January 2015 the obligation of paying a special contribution for fostering the employment of persons with disability is not applicable any more. Instead of paying the contribution for employment at the reduced rate of 1.6%, all the employers will be obliged to pay the contribution for employment of 1.7%.
Autor: Anamarija Miletić , dipl. oec., ACCA i ovl. rev.
The Amendments to the Act on Contributions have been proposed. Crafts businesses and free professions pay contributions on the bases according to the Act on Contributions and do not receive the ruling from the Tax Administration, any more. In order to employ the persons up to 30 years of age, the employers shall be exempted from payment of the contributions on salary for 5 years starting with the date of their employment. The provisions on the outdated claims for unpaid contributions are to be complied with the General Taxation Act. The Act on Professional Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disability, which becomes effective on 1 January 2015, determines the way of payment of contributions for employment and the compensation in the case when the employer does not employ a person with disability according to the quota determined for the specific field of activities.
The financial donations provided by business entities (companies, banks, private institutions, crafts businesses, etc.) should be paid in accordance with the corresponding regulations. There are a number of levels which are connected to this issue: the management decision on the amount of the donation, the legal limitation of the donation amount, the accounting presentation and the tax position of the particular donation.
Autor: Dr. sc. Vlado BRKANIĆ , prof. vis. šk., ovl. rač. i ovl. rev.
This article presents the cases from the practice regarding the alterations of equity, company’s own stakes (treasury stakes), the transfer of a business share and deferred expenses, which do not appear frequently. However, there are no explanations in the corresponding literature. In order to understand the particular business situation, it is necessary to connect a number of regulations, whereby it is important to know the type of the business event. Incorrect understanding or the application of the similarity principle in the procedures may result in the wrong accounting procedure.
Autor: Dr. sc. Vlado BRKANIĆ , prof. vis. šk., ovl. rač. i ovl. rev.
The off-balance sheet records contain the business events which have not caused the changes in the basic bookkeeping categories, but are important for the company’s business operations. The business events entered into the off-balance sheet records comprise the received goods from other persons held for commission sales, the received goods and materials received from other persons for further processing, the equipment and vehicles on operating lease, the securities which have not yet been put on the stock market, the granted but unsued credits and other rights. The way of organization of the off-balance sheet records is determined by the entrepreneur according to the company’s needs.
The control of the performed recordings and the tax payment plays an important role in accounting since it guarantees a higher security, credibility and reliability of recording and consequently a better quality of the prepared financial reports and their accuracy. The following texts present the most important rules of recording and taxation of the most frequent business events and transactions. The contents, presented in such a way, enable a quick orientation and provide a complete overview of the bookkeeping issues.
Autori: Dr. sc. Tamara CIRKVENI FILIPOVIĆ , viši pred. i ovl. rač. Mr. sc. Nada DREMEL , dipl. oec., ovl. rač., ovl. rev. i porezni savjetnik Dr. sc. Šime GUZIĆ , viši pred. i ovl. rač. Mr. sc. Katarina HORVAT JURJEC, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač. Dr. sc. Đurđica JURIĆ , prof. vis. šk. i ovl. rač. Zrinko TRCOVIĆ , dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
The Croatian Employment Institute started the project Guarantee for Young People. In accordance with the conditions and ways of using the funds for realization of the measures for employment promotion the Institute made a public invitation to make applications for using the measures of employment promotion in 2014. Within the list of measures the title Work, Years of Service and Transportation the budget beneficiaries are also included, without signing the contract on employment.
Autor: Mirela GLAVOTA, dipl. oec., ovl. rač. i ovl. rev.
This workshop on non-profit accounting records and explains the recordings of : 1. Purchase of ETC Devices and 2. Recognition of Non-Reciprocal Income, Which Were Collected after Accounting Period. The purchase of the services of using motorways can in some cases be discounted. The list of prices given by the supplier presents the full prices. Accordingly, the recordings should be adjusted to the specific situation. The non-reciprocal income may be recognized in the period in which it is not available, if it refers to the stated period and if it has been decided on that and if they are available until the date determined by the non-profit organization.
Autor: Mr. sc. Nada DREMEL , dipl. oec., ovl. rač., ovl. rev. i porezni savjetnik
The basic personal exemption represents an existential minimum of each tax payer which is used upon the calculation of the salary for regular work or upon the submission of the annual income tax return form. According to the latest Amendments to the Income Tax Act the amount of the basic personal exemption used by tax payers and pensioners has been changed. Due to the fact that the amended provisions are to be applied as of 1 January 2015, the changed basic personal exemption is to be used upon all the payments of salary after this date, i.e. the payment of salary for December 2014, which is paid in January 2015.
On 1 January 2015 the Rulebook on Income Tax becomes effective. It determines the obligation of filling in the JOPPD Form with the data on non-taxable overnight stay, public transportation and toll paid directly from the employer’s account on behalf of the employee. However, the mark of the non-taxable receipt 39 from the Annex 4 will still not be used.
Autor: Anamarija Miletić , dipl. oec., ACCA i ovl. rev.
In the time of the forthcoming holidays employers may award their employees with the Christmas bonus, a gift in kind, a gift to their children or may pay the thirteenth salary. The employer is not obliged to give gifts to the employees. It is his/her own decision, which may be determined by some enactments regarding employees’ rights. According to the corresponding tax regulations the above stated substantive rights of employees may under certain conditions paid tax free.
As of 1 January 2015 the threshold of turnover for entering or leaving the VAT system amounts to HRK 230,000.00 and comprises the values of delivered goods or rendered services. If the enterprise operated for just a period of the year, the realized turnover does not refer to the whole year. The entry into the VAT system may also be voluntary if the enterprise did not cross the threshold of turnover at the beginning of the year or during business operations. The criterion for dividing tax payers into monthly or quarterly payers amounts to HRK 800,000.00 incl. VAT. When leaving the VAT system the only rule applied is the amount of the delivered goods and services in the previous year, higher or less than HRK 230,000.00 without VAT, on which a business decision should be made at the end of the business year. This does not apply to tax payers who entered the VAT system voluntarily and should stay in the system for five calendar years, regardless of the amount of the realized turnover during this period. A tax payer may also leave the VAT system in the case of the permanent check out i.e. due to the liquidation of business activities. When leaving the VAT system it is necessary to correct the amounts of pre-tax for the purchased fixed assets.
Autor: Mr. sc. Ljerka MARKOTA, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
The author of the article presents the cases when the tax payers in the EU should be registered for VAT needs when they perform the sales of goods at the fairs in other EU member countries. Detailed information are presented for the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia, whereas the basic information on the obligation of registration for VAT needs when selling goods comprise Germany, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, etc. The contact data of the authorized tax offices for the above stated countries are presented in the text, as well. They provide the information on the obligations of the foreign tax payers upon the sales of goods at the fairs in these countries.
Autor: Dr. sc. Tamara CIRKVENI FILIPOVIĆ , viši pred. i ovl. rač.
The vehicles of the N1 category are mostly used for transportation of goods. The possibility of deduction of pre-tax upon their purchase and use since 20 March 2014 depends on the fact whether they subject to the payment of the sales tax on motor vehicles or not. Upon determination of the taxation with the sales tax on motor vehicles the shape of the vehicle body and the number of seats are important. Pick-up vehicles have a specific position. The only condition for recognition of pre-tax is for such vehicles to be classified with the tariff mark 8704, regardless of whether they subject to the payment of sales tax on motor vehicles. This is the only exception to the rule according to which all the vehicles subjecting to payment of the sales tax on motor vehicles cannot be pre-tax exempted.
An author’s fee represents a receipt realized for the delivered copyright work. A copyright work is an original intellectual creation made by the author. A copyright work is determined in the Act on Copyright Work and other corresponding acts. According to the tax regulations the receipt obtained for the delivered copyright work is regarded as another income. However, the provisions which regulate the taxation of the other income comprise the specifics referring to the taxation of author’s fees, depending on whether such a copyright work is regarded as the work of art, a copyright work considered as the work of art or a copyright work of non-residents. This article presents an author’s fee obtained for the delivered copyright work which is not regarded as a work of art.
Autor: Lucija TURKOVIĆ-JARŽA, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
In the RRiF issue no. 11/14 (pp 136-143) the methods of determining transfer prices were presented. Transfer prices should be determined by the application of the recognized world standards, i.e. using the principle of the independent market and the corresponding method of determination of transfer prices recognized by the OECD. In the case of comparable market prices principally the conclusion may be drawn that minor differences among various possible results mean a higher reliability of the use of methods and vice versa, whereas in the case when there are larger differences, it means that the used method is less reliable. In order to increase the reliability of the applied method, it is possible to use certain statistical tools (e.g. the interquartile range of values, the median and other averages, etc.). In any case, the final value of the transfer price should be chosen (determined) due to the facts and circumstances of the related transaction or transactions and take into consideration the corresponding arguments which can be checked up.
The procedures of a forensic auditor are carried out with the aim of revealing the perpetrator of stealing the enterprise property by means of the analysis, detecting and the networked way of logic conclusion-making. The procedure of the forensic audit is not determined by the audit standards, so forensic auditors rely on their competence, experience and intuition upon revealing frauds. The author of the article presents the procedures of forensic audit.
MSFI 9 sadržava nove zahtjeve u računovodstvu zaštite kojima se revidiraju prijašnji zahtjevi računovodstva instrumenata zaštite i uvode u ovom području računovodstva značajna poboljšanja, posebice u području usklađivanja zahtjeva računovodstva s upravljanjem rizicima u poduzeću. Više o tome u nastavku članka. 1. Cilj računovodstva instrumenata zaštite 2. Što se očekuje od novog modela računovodstva zaštite 3. Stavke koje se priznaju kao instrumenti zaštite 4. Kriteriji kvalifikacije instrumenata zaštite 5. Primjeri instrumenata zaštite 6. Komponente rizika
1. Europska komisija za investicije 2. Bez dogovora o oporezivanju financijskih transakcija 3. Bolja suradnja u sprječavanju rada na crno 4. EK očekuje veći pad hrvatskog BDP-a i rast nezaposlenosti 5. Luksemburške porezne povlastice 6. Mađarska pod pritiskom odustala od novog poreza 7. Bura u Britaniji zbog povećane obveze prema proračunu EU-a 8. Nizozemci najzadovoljniji na poslu
The author of the article analyzes some current issues regarding the seizure per distrainee consent (the so-called administrative order), which can be defined as a private document certified by the public notary in which a debtor presents his/her consent to seize his/her salary or other permanently received cash, in order to collect the claims of the creditor, except the part which is exempted from the distraint. This institute is determined by the Distraint Act (the old and the new one). The contents and the form of the statement on the seizure per distrainee consent as a formal document are determined by the Rulebook on the Form and Contents of the Statement on the Seizure per Distrainee Consent, which became effective in October this year and was passed in accordance with the new provisions of the Distraint Act.
Upon the accession of the Republic of Croatia in the EU there emerged certain changes in statistical observations, which are performed in order to prepare the balance of payments. Accordingly, the regulations which determine this field and are a part of the legal framework of foreign currency operations, have been changed. This article provides an overview of the changes important for the persons obliged to deliver data, including all the expected changes. The author also stresses the already implemented changes, which have not yet been completely applied in practice.
Crafts businesses, businesses with the same status as crafts businesses and free professions are principally income tax payers. They are allowed to change the way of taxation and pay profit tax, if they want to, or if they are obliged to according to the provisions of the Profit Tax Act, which is the case when they realized the total receipts higher than 3m HRK in the business year or fulfilled two of the following three conditions: income higher than HRK 400,000.00, the book value of fixed assets higher than HRK 2,000,000.00 or employed (on average) more than 15 employees. They can change the way of taxation only at the beginning of the business year. Due to the fact that the changed way of taxation changes the principals of determination of the tax base, which requires recording of the business events according to the Accounting Act, it is necessary to prepare a start-up balance sheet.
Autor: Lucija TURKOVIĆ-JARŽA, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
Upon the transfer from one system into another, the craftsmen – income makers leave the criterion of the cash principle as of 1 January 2015 and should apply the provisions of the Profit Tax Act and the Accounting Act. An income maker who becomes a profit maker as of 1 January 2015 should present the obligation for all the outgoing invoices from the previous tax periods which have not been collected until 1 January 2015. A pre-tax from all the received invoices from the previous tax periods which have not been paid until 1 January 2015 should be recognized and the final VAT account for 2014 should be prepared and submitted until 28 February 2015, at the latest. The profit maker who becomes an income maker as of 1 January 2015 is faced with the opposite tax situation. A tax liability for 2015 emerges on the date of the paid and collected invoices and the final VAT account for 2014 should be prepared according to the principle of the issued and received invoices.
In the case of lump sum payment of income tax, a physical person may not be a VAT payer based on the performance of some crafts or other business activities, whereby the income in the previous year must not exceed the amount of HRK 149,000.00. In the case of the changed way of taxation for 2015, the existing tax payers should make a claim to the Tax Administration until the end of 2014, i.e. until 15 January 2015, at the latest. New tax payers submit a claim for the lump sum payment of tax within 8 days after they started performing business activities. As the persons obliged to apply fiscalization, the lump sum payers should issue to the buyer an invoice with the determined contents and from the previously certified book of invoices. Depending on the realized receipt, the Tax Administration determines the lump sum payment of the annual income tax on three levels. The lump sum payers are obliged to submit the annual report on the lump sum income in the PO-SD Form.
Autor: Mr. sc. Mirjana MAHOVIĆ KOMLJENOVIĆ, dipl. oec.
All the goods which enter the territory of the EU should be comprised by the corresponding customs procedures and use. Accordingly, the goods held for commission sales should upon entering the territory of the EU, i.e. the Republic of Croatia, undergo the corresponding customs procedure.
The common regulation of the market of fish products and aquaculture is the most important component of the common fishery policy. Due to the recent crisis in the fishery sector, the common regulation of the market in the sectors of fisher and acquaculture had a limited are of application because of their intervention mechanisms and the insufficiently received funds. This resulted in the comprehensive reform, which determined a new foundation for the common regulation of the market and the common fishery policy in 2014.
The obligations determined by the provisions of the Act on Trade and the Act on Consumers’ Protection comprise the sales persons in stores and the sales persons who sell goods during the organized occasional sale of goods. The occasional sale is the sale organized within fairs, events, shows and exhibitions and may last up to 60 days in one part of the calendar year, regardless of the time of holding the event. The occasional sale may comprise only the products and goods which are the subject and the purpose of organizing the event, fair show or exhibition. Salesmen should place the logo or the name of the company on the point of sale, the conditions of sale, if any, the information on the way of making complaints by consumers and keep the records on the stocks of goods they sell (borrowings, discharge and price of goods). The sales of alcoholic beverages on the point of occasional sale subject to the approval of the authorized customs office.
Since the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union the way of exercising the right to health protection during the temporary stay abroad of the persons insured at the Croatian Health Insurance Institute, which also comprises a temporary work abroad, differentiates depending on whether the health protection is used in the EU member countries, the European Economic Area or in the contracted or the third countries. The health protection during the stay in the EU or EEA countries is determined by the Directives of the European Parliament and the Council from 29 April 2004 on Co-ordination of the Social Security Systems. Such Directives have completely replaced the bilateral agreements on social security signed between Croatia and the EU/EEA countries. After 1 July 2013 the above stated agreements remained valid between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Macedonia and Turkey. In these countries health protection is used in accordance with these agreements. The way of obtaining health protection in the third countries is determined by the national regulations.
According to a large number of legal regulations in the Republic of Croatia, creditors have various institutes by which they can protect themselves and realize their claims. However, the realization of the personal rights of creditors is limited by outdated periods for claims. Therefore, each creditor, who wishes to protect his/her legal rights should be acquainted with the corresponding legal framework regarding the statute of limitations. In view of the law on obligations (contracts and out of contracts) and in view of the public law (tax relations, etc.) this institute forces creditors to take care of the collection of their receivables on time, in order not to lose the possibility to make forced collections, if necessary. Accordingly, it is necessary to comprehend the legal presumptions for outdating of the specific types of claims and the measures which can be taken by the creditor in order to prevent the statute of limitations and successfully collect receivables.
Gospodarska kretanja u RH i EU 1. Opći pregled 2. Cijene u RH i EU-u 3. Industrijska proizvodnja RH i EU-u 4. Proizvođačke cijene industrije RH i EU-u 5. Vanjskotrgovinska razmjena 6. Trgovina na malo u RH i EU-u 7. Turizam 8. Plaće 9. Likvidnost i insolventnost 10. Zaposlenost i nezaposlenost Hrvatske i EU-a
