Računovodstvo, revizija i financije 7/2020

The author of the article presents the payment of the profit to the members of a limited liability company and explains the taxation viewpoint of the received income due to the fact that the recipients of the payment may be members of the company, physical persons, legal persons, residents and non-residents. Accordingly, such circumstances determine the way and the amount of taxation, especially in the case when the international agreements on avoidance of double taxation are taken into account.

In the long-term assets of entrepreneurs, personal cars used for the needs of personal transport and cars for performing specific activities are recorded. Within the category of passenger cars used for personal transport, it is necessary to distinguish between vehicles for the use of which a salary is calculated in kind. The deduction of 50% of pre-tax is allowed on incoming invoices related to the costs of using passenger cars for personal transport, and in the case of invoices for the costs of vehicles used for performing certain activities, the deduction of pre-tax is allowed in the total amount. The tax treatment of expenses from the point of view of income tax depends on whether the salary in kind is calculated for the use of a personal car or not. If the salary is calculated in kind, then all costs including 50% of the unrecognized pre-tax represent a tax deductible expense to the full amount. If the salary in kind is not calculated, the costs are divided in the ratio of 50:50, which means that 50% of the costs are recognized, and 50% of the costs increased by the unrecognized input tax is not recognized. However, there are also special types of costs such as insurance, interest, vehicle registration fees and road motor vehicle tax that are fully recognized costs regardless of whether the payment is calculated in kind or not.

Upon establishment of a limited liability company or a simple limited liability company the minimum (legal) amount of the share capital is paid in most cases. In the period of development of business activities there arises the need to increase a company’s own sources of financing. In the case of a simple limited liability company there is an obligation to distribute profit into legal reserves until such a company has increased its minimum share capital. The article presents the ways of increasing the capital in such a type of the company.

This issue of the RRiF Journal provides some important answers to questions from practice such as the issue of taxation of online sales, taxation of non-charged rent, offsetting of receivables and liabilities, calculation of vacation bonuses, receiving and lending in associations, fiscalization and other issues that can facilitate daily work.

Debt relief should be contracted, and it is, in essence, a gift that has a time lag from the initial business event which created the debtor-creditor relationship. When transferring (donating) non-financial assets within the general budget, the basic principles of reporting the transfer of non-financial assets within the general budget must be respected, whereby only those items that according to the accounting rules have the character of non-financial assets can be considered as non-financial assets.

Student employment agencies (student centres) are non-profit organizations. Only some components of the student contract calculation have the characteristic of income items, while others are considered to be obligations that must be indirectly settled by the student employment agency (e.g. student centre). In emergencies, non-profit employees can also be mobilized. Mobilized persons are entitled to rights regulated by special regulations, including salary (compensation) and compensation for transportation costs. The former is paid and settled by the competent body that organized the mobilization, while the latter is directly realized by the mobilized person from the same body.

The decision to introduce the Measure to Encourage Consumption in Catering and Tourism Activities in the Republic of Croatia provides employees with a more affordable vacation by increasing work-based benefits that will be provided to employees on the basis of an official payment instrument with a commercial name "Croatian Tourist Card". It is a debit payment card, on the basis of which employers will be able to pay their employees a non-taxable part of the receipt in the amount of HRK 2,500.00. This card will be issued by a commercial bank in the name of the user-employee.

On the basis of the provision of means of transportation for personal transport owned by the company, for all-day use to a worker or another person, a receipt in kind is determined. If it is a worker, such an income is considered income from self-employment and if it is another person, the income is considered other income. Receipt in kind is considered to be a net amount determined in the amount of 1% of the value of the means of transportation stated on the supplier's invoice and if the car is under operating lease receipt or long-term lease, receipt in kind is determined in the amount of 20% of the amount stated on the received operating invoice. leasing or long-term lease. In the event that the receipt in kind is determined according to the kilometres actually done for private needs, the sum of the net receipt is determined by multiplying HRK 2 per kilometre done for private needs. The gross amount of income in kind is determined by increasing the net income by the corresponding contributions from salary or income, as well as income tax and surtax on income tax.

As taxpayers of profit tax, companies and other legal and physical persons who perform economic activity independently and permanently for the purpose of making a profit, submit a profit tax return for 2019 on the new PD Form, which includes an overview of unused rights to transfer of losses by year of their occurrence. Those entrepreneurs who determine the profit tax base on the basis of the monetary principle, submit a profit tax return on the new PD-NN Form.

Due to the occurrence of special circumstances caused by the COVID-19, the deadline for filing profit tax returns and the due date of tax liabilities for 2019, as well as other forms and reports submitted, in accordance with special regulations, with profit tax returns, has been extended. Thus, the profit tax return for 2019 (Form PD or Form PD-NN) had to be submitted to the PU no later than June 30, 2020, while the difference in profit tax according to the annual calculation should be paid by July 31, 2020.

Although officially, in tax regulations, we do not find the term foreign service, it is considered that these are services provided by foreign taxpayers to Croatian taxpayers or that Croatian taxpayers provide services to foreign taxpayers. In the case of foreign services, the most important thing is to determine the tax position of the service, which means determining the place of taxation because it depends on who and where - in which EU Member State, the taxpayer will pay VAT. Furthermore, the tax position of these services depends on whether the services are provided or received by taxpayers from the EU, third countries or third areas or to non-taxable persons or natural persons.

You can read more about the place of service, determining the tax position of foreign services, recording in tax and accounting records of regular taxpayers and small taxpayers in this issue of RRiF journal (Part I) and in the next issue of RRiF journal (Part II).

In the article, the author explains the issuance of invoices, the mandatory content of invoices, methods of issuing invoices and other provisions related to invoices from the point of view of value added tax in accordance with the requirements of the VAT Directive. In addition, the article provides an overview of invoicing rules in all EU Member States regarding invoicing obligations, invoicing deadlines, simplified invoices, summary invoices, invoice corrections and invoice retention periods.

Dividends and shares in profits paid to natural persons on the basis of stakes in the capital of a company, according to the Income Tax Act, are considered income from capital. The tax base is the total amount paid to the stake holder and from that amount the income tax is calculated at the rate of 12% on which the surtax is calculated if the payment of surtax is effected in the place of residence or usual residence of the recipient on that basis. The taxpayer of income tax and surtax is a natural person receiving income and the taxpayer of tax and surtax is the payer or the company upon each payment, which is reported to the Tax Administration on the form JOPPD.

If a natural person who is a resident of the Republic of Croatia receives money from a dividend or share in profits in a company abroad, he/she calculates income tax him/herself and issues a JOPPD form. If a foreign payer has calculated tax abroad in the recipient reports on the effected payment to the Tax Administration in the INO-DZAJAVA form and after the end of the year reports the income in the INO-DOH form.

In the article, the author presents the views of the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding the determination of the place of performing the accounting course service in the context of qualifying the service as educational, and the connection between the service of access to the seminar and participation in it. Furthermore, in the second case, the Court analyses the possibility of applying the exemption to an educational service provided for commercial purposes by a company that is not a subject of public law, and the circumstances that need to be satisfied.

A new interpretation has been given for the application of IFRS SIC-32, Intangible Assets - Costs of Website Development, which explains in more detail when an investment in a website can be considered an intangible asset and when the cost of a period.

The European Commission has presented a € 750 billion fund for the EU's economic recovery following the coronavirus crisis. The EC is also proposing an action plan to improve the implementation and coordination of EU anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing rules. In addition, the EC is delaying the entry into force of a package of laws related to VAT in e-commerce.

New technologies have expanded fraud platforms so much that no country can have such a large police force to cover everything. Therefore, only spreading knowledge about fraud can help reduce the amount of fraudulent activities. Sometimes people think that it is not good to describe how frauds are performed because it can help fraudsters commit frauds. However, it is a bit naive to think that fraudsters should be taught the "job" for which they are naturally gifted and which they invented. This article is intended to prevent fraud.

The economic downturn triggered by the corona pandemic has led and is jeopardizing many jobs not only in the Republic of Croatia but throughout the EU. As one of the measures that fights for the preservation of jobs, instead of mass dismissals, a shortened working hours are used, (German Kurzarbeit). This political instrument, widespread in European labour markets, involves a program that activates companies facing an economic crisis. This has led to the fact that in most EU Member States today there are appropriate care and support programs for shortened working hours. There are significant differences between countries in terms of the amount and duration of the compensation for shortened working hours.

In the Republic of Croatia, kuna is still the legal means of payment, and only in exceptional cases a foreign currency can be used as means of payment. Although restrictions on payment and collection of payment in foreign currency between residents and non-residents have almost disappeared, there are still some barriers and rules of conduct. The area of statistical reporting of the Croatian National Bank should certainly not be forgotten here.

This article provides a summary of important provisions in the field of foreign exchange operations that are currently applied in the Republic of Croatia.

Entrepreneurs in practice increasingly use state subsidies, grants, subventions, incentives as one of the motives for self-employment by establishing various forms of entrepreneurial activities. State subsidy is a financial assistance from the state, which is most often granted through the transfer of money in favour of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, after receiving the support, need to meet certain conditions that are most often related to the business of such an entrepreneur. The article explains the tax position of the subsidy received by income taxpayers who pay it in a lump sum or determine the income on the basis of business records.

The largest number of complaints by consumers to traders refers to material defects and / or defects of goods that consumers notice after the purchase or the defect is shown after a certain time or during the warranty period. Very often, traders do not respect justified consumer complaints  or do not recognize consumers' rights under the law, and consumers due to lack of information or insufficient information do not apply all legally determined options available to them, thus remaining deprived (damaged) of their rights. The Consumer Protection Act defines in what way, within what deadlines and by what procedure consumers can complain about the defects and / or defects of the purchased goods and what rights they can exercise

Extended insurance is voluntary pension insurance which, in certain cases as determined by the Pension Insurance Act, enables the insured person to continue the insurance upon termination of the mandatory pension insurance, i.e. the continuity of the insurance period. The condition for submitting the application and acquiring the status of extended insurance policyholder is the termination of the previous insurance on one of the bases of the compulsory insurance, and that no more than 12 months have passed since its termination. Below is more about the possibilities and cases in which persons who meet the above conditions can be insured for extended insurance.

In view of the introduction of shortened working hours in Croatia as part of job preservation measures, which is caused by the current economic crisis due to the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), the authors in this article present the basic features of shortened working hours in Germany, emphasizing functions, assumptions of such work, but also its favourable and unfavourable consequences for both employees and employers.

In the endless bankruptcy proceedings that are opened every day, there are few business entities that have thus remained completely intact, either on the debit or on the credit side. Due to the fact that in every bankruptcy procedure a large number of different business entities are in a mutual relationship, it is quite natural that most bankruptcy creditors sooner or later encounter the rights and obligations of joint and several debtors and guarantors.

In the financial reporting system applied by organizations that report their business events according to the principles of non-profit accounting, there have been no changes compared to the previous year of 2019.

These financial reports for the period January-June 2020 are prepared by those organizations that apply double-entry bookkeeping and submit them to FINA by 30 July 2020.

The election process for a member of the Croatian Parliament, which will take place on July 5, 2020, has begun. An important point in this process is the financing of the election campaign, which in this article is presented from the point of view of election participants and from the point of view of persons who want to make donations to them.

A special reference is made to the part of the article which presents the forms of financial reports on the financing of the election campaign.

Due to their special position, non-profit organizations have some general rules of conduct in the part related to their management or financing, and checking their compliance with these general rules. Certainly one of the important areas in their work is their self-assessment. Due to the fact that the self-assessment controls the compliance of the work of non-profit organizations with the legal framework and internal operations, the internal enactments of non-profit organizations are important. In addition to the rules that they must follow based on the legal framework in which each of them is established, there are some "general" rules they must comply with. This primarily refers to the organisations required to keep double-entry books.

1. Pregled kretanja
2. Industrijska proizvodnja RH i EU-a
3. Potrošačke cijene
4. Turizam
5. Trgovina na malo
6. Prosječne mjesečne neto i bruto-plaće zaposlenih