Računovodstvo, revizija i financije 9/2020

The subsidies which employers could or still can receive in the period from March to December 2020 is as follows: subsidies for the preservation of jobs in activities affected by Coronavirus (COVID-19) received in March, April, May,  subsidies for the preservation of jobs in activities affected by Coronavirus (Covid 19) received in June, the subsidies  to preserve jobs - shortening working hours,  the subsidies to preserve jobs in crisis activities affected by Coronavirus (Covid-19) for July-August 2020, the subsidies to preserve jobs for micro-entrepreneurs - July and August 2020. The article presents some current issues related to all the subsidies realized in the above stated period.

It is usually assumed that every serious organization has a defined mission, vision and strategy. In order to implement the strategy, it is necessary to develop plans that need to be implemented. In the plans, the global goals are concretized by elaboration into working tasks to be performed by the organizational units of the company. This seems as if it all happens by itself but in practice the work task should be assigned to the persons who will perform it. Precisely how the appointed persons will perform their tasks depends on the efficiency by segments and at the overall level. Due to the fact that the hierarchy itself does not provide a measurement or at least a realistic estimate of the contributions of employees and other responsible persons, the accountability accounting can help in this.

Employers can reimburse their employees for food costs during work in two ways: in the form of a lump sum (up to HRK 5,000.00 per year) or on the basis of credible documentation (up to HRK 12,000.00 per year). The article presents the accounting and tax point of view of workers' food costs.

The article discusses the eligibility and ineligibility of costs in the implementation of EU projects for companies, ways of recording and monitoring wage costs, labour costs, indirect costs and procedures with ineligible costs such as exchange rate differences arising from payments to foreign suppliers. The topic of accounting monitoring of EU projects in accordance with Croatian Financial Reporting Standards and international accounting standards was also discussed.

Investments in vineyards represent the investments in agricultural activity with the aim of producing grapes and wine. In the article, the authors explain the accounting monitoring of the acquisition of agricultural land and the raising of vineyards, i.e. define the costs that should be included in the value of that plantation as well as further determination of the value of such a property. In addition, the article defines the accounting monitoring of the production of grapes, wine and grape brandy as a result of the production process after grape harvest. All this is explained on the specific examples in which the costs of each of these productions and their schedule are defined.

Within internal revenues based on the use of a company’s own products and services, which are shown in a special position in the Profit and Loss Account, there are also revenues from the use of the company’s own products and services in construction. These revenues are shown by those entrepreneurs who perform construction activities for the needs of the market, but exceptionally in some cases they exclude unsold construction objects for the needs of their company or perform current and investment maintenance of their real estate on their own.

Intangible assets are an item that appears in the balance sheet of almost every company. It is most often the software that the company uses in its business. Intangible assets are also considered to be other non-monetary assets without physical characteristics that can be identified. These are, for example, patents, licenses, concessions, copyrights, franchises and other similar rights.

The conditions for recognition of intangible assets in the company's balance sheet are determined by CFRS 5 – Long-term intangible assets or IAS 38 - Intangible assets. For intangible assets developed within the company, special conditions for recognition are defined, i.e. only development expenditures can be activated, while research expenditures represent the cost of the current period.

The obligation to audit financial statements is determined by Art. 20. of the  Accounting Act. The obligation to audit the financial statements of companies for 2020 must be met in accordance with the rules of the Accounting Act and the Audit Act. The auditor is appointed by the company's general meeting, and a decision should be made by the end of September to audit the current year's financial statements. This article presents in detail the companies obliged to audit the financial statements by the appointed auditor and notes on audit engagements.

This issue presents several current tax, accounting and financial advice and practical instructions such as the sale of business premises, domestic reverse charges, payment of monument rent, quota employment of people with disabilities, non-profit organizations, and employment.

This budgetary workshop records compensation for not employing a sufficient number of persons with disabilities and compensation for water management when it is charged by a local unit.

It is certain that the compensation for the so-called. quota employment is posted as an expense of the period, but it is debatable which accounting account to use.

When a water management fee is charged together with the utility contribution, it is still not the revenue of the local unit. The issue arises referring to the reimbursement of recognized material costs in connection with that collection.

This non-profit accounting workshop discusses postings related to the mutual financing of affiliated organizations according to the statute and receivables for income whose quality subsequently becomes controversial.

Only if non-profit organizations are interconnected by a statute or some general enactment, they can use the accounts of groups 37 and 47, respectively, in interrelations.

If receivables for income acquire other qualitative characteristics, the consequence of their decrease results in different postings, depending on why they have been decreased.

The deadline for submitting the JOPPD Form is the day of payment of the receipt or a maximum of 24 hours from the payment of salaries, other income, capital income and some non-taxable receipts such as occasional awards (Christmas bonus, holiday pay, etc.), awards for special work results, receipts on the basis of workers 'meals during work in a lump sum, rents for housing workers, kindergarten costs for workers' children, premiums for additional and supplementary health insurance which the employer pays for its workers. For receipts earned abroad and paid from abroad, the deadline for payment of contributions and taxes and thus the submission of the Form is 30 days from the date of receipt of money on the account, as well as for salaries paid by diplomatic and consular missions in the Republic of Croatia, regardless of immunity or whether the workers’ pay income tax and surtax from their salaries themselves or whether this obligation has been assumed by the representative office. For receipts in kind and other non-listed non-taxable receipts, the deadline for submitting the Form is the 15th day after the end of the month in which the receipts were realized. For receipts earned on the basis of seasonal occasional and temporary jobs in agriculture, the deadline for submitting the Form is the last day of the month in which the receipt was paid.

If the submitter of the Form, after accepting and processing the Form in the Tax Administration, finds that the data stated in that Form needs to be corrected, he/she corrects the same Form with the indication of the type of report 2. If the submitter finds that he/she did not state salary or other income for which contributions and tax due on the same day as for already stated receipts in that Form, the supplement to that same form shall be performed with the indication of the type of report 3.

The article provides explanations regarding the recording of turnover of goods and services and includes a practical example of recording and determining the VAT liability for "profit makers" who determine the liability according to the issued invoices. The example includes business events that most often arise in business practice (deliveries of goods and services in the country, in the EU, export of goods to third countries, acquisition of goods and services from the EU, import of goods, etc.), and provides an overview of business events in all tax records and bookkeeping of incoming and outgoing invoices and determining the liability for the taxation period of September 2020 for taxpayers who determine the VAT liability according to the issued invoices.

This article presents with the provisions of the General Tax Act (Official Gazette, nos. 115/16 to 42/20) which regulate the tax statute of limitations and the admissibility of tax supervision with regard to the statute of limitations. The institute of tax statute of limitations protects the taxpayer from illegal determination or collection of taxes, interest and enforcement costs by the tax authority if such a tax authority has failed to determine or collect tax liabilities during the defined time. Upon the expiration of the deadline, the tax authority can no longer determine and / or collect a tax liability due to the occurrence of the tax statute of limitations, i.e. the expiration of the legally determined time in which the above stated activities were to be performed.

Pursuant to the provisions of the General Tax Act, taxpayers may assign their tax claim (for example, VAT, profit, income, real estate) to another legal or natural person who does not have to be a taxpayer, all on the basis of a written assignment or assignment agreement. Within the determined period, the assignor is obliged to submit the assignment agreement to the locally competent branch office of the Tax Administration according to its headquarters and residence or usual residence. The submitted assignment agreement is binding for the tax authority unless the assignor is subject to the procedure of forced collection of tax debt and if the taxpayer has no overdue but unpaid taxes and other public benefits on which the Tax Administration keeps accounting records.

Although during the special circumstances caused by the coronavirus pandemic in compliance with the determined conditions, taxpayers could be approved of the interest-free deferral / instalment payment of taxes, and in special circumstances taxpayers may exercise the right to tax assignment on those accounts where overpayment is shown on taxpayer's accounting cards that are analytically monitored by the Tax Administration.

In the article, the author presents the views of the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding the right to deduct VAT in circumstances where the taxpayer has only a fiscal invoice as proof of service received in his judgment in the case C 430/19 SC C. F. SRL. Furthermore, in the Judgment C-835/18 SC Terracult SRL the Court analyses the right to a refund of incorrectly calculated and paid VAT on the grounds that the taxpayer applied the wrong taxation procedure to the transaction in question, i.e. applied the regular taxation procedure instead of transferring the tax liability.

In 2020, the Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs of the European Union (DG TAXUD) published the publication “Taxation Trends in the European Union, 2020 Edition”, which presents taxation data and information for EU Member States, Ireland and Norway. Although this year's edition is much more extensive than the previous editions, for the needs of our readers we provide an abbreviated and adapted translation of the first chapter (supplemented, for understanding, by essential tables from Annex A), which contains tax development in the EU, data from this report, and provides data on the highest income tax rate of profit tax, income tax, as well as average tax rates.

The IASB has launched a discussion on IFRS for SMEs (hereinafter IFRS for SMEs), which covers many issues that have been updated with the publication of the Information Requirements set by the IASB in January 2020. One of the crucial issues is their compliance with comprehensive IFRS standards, i.e. whether and how and with what dynamics the changes in IFRS standards will affect IFRS standards for small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter IFRS for SMEs).

The Recovery Fund, officially called the EU's Next-generation Instrument (NGEU), envisions 390 billion in grants and 360 billion in loans.

The European Commission has recommended that EU members not grant financial support to companies linked to countries on the EU's list of non-cooperative tax jurisdictions.

In July, the European Commission announced a proposal for a new package of tax measures aimed at intensifying the fight against tax abuse and thus restricting unfair tax competition.

The German federal government has passed a bill that includes a reduction in income taxes.

The Austrian government, meanwhile, has confirmed that it will introduce income tax changes from September that will reduce the lowest income tax rate from the current 25 to 20%.

The article presents an abbreviated and adapted text by German colleagues who published the papers "Open Heart Operation - Challenges and Potentials of Hospital Restructuring" in the book of proceedings "Successful Restructuring and Rehabilitation of Enterprises" published by Derik Evertz and Urlich Krystek. It was translated and published for its needs by RRiF College of Financial Management in 2018 according to the Contract on License.

The purpose of the article is to point out the problems that generally arise in the health care system, but also to diagnose the causes of the crisis and possible legal actions to eliminate it. It is aimed at our readers in the case they will be involved in solving problems in the health care system.

Natural persons (craftsmen) may perform the activity of a driving school under the prescribed conditions. After making a decision on opening a trade, a craftsman can decide on flat-rate taxation and register in the Register of Taxpayers using the RPO Form. The flat rate taxpayer i.e. tradesman pays income tax in accordance with the realized total receipts, and the payment of mandatory contributions depends on whether he/she is insured on the basis of a trade or has a trade with an employment relationship. Realized collected receipts are recorded in the Sales and Purchase Ledger on the basis of which the PO-SD Form is compiled and submitted.

At the beginning of the next year, the provisions of the Cash Fiscalization Act will come into force, which relate to the obligation to focalize sales through self-service devices and state the QR code as a mandatory content of invoices for which there is an obligation to focalize (invoices charged with cash). Taxpayers who sell goods or services through self-service devices charged with funds that are considered cash in terms of the provisions of the Fiscalization Act, should, starting from 1 July 2020 and ending on 31 January 2021, submit data to the fiscalization system for each existing self-service device and make all other preliminary work and adjustments so that from 1 January 2021 they can carry out the process of fiscalization of sales through self-service devices.

The provisions of the Art. 112 of the Labour Act state the ways of termination of the employment contract, such as, for example, the expiration of the time for which the fixed-term employment contract was concluded, the agreement between the employee and the employer, dismissal, decision of the competent court, etc.

Prior to the termination of the employment contract (this is a regular dismissal conditioned by the employee's misconduct), the employer is, in principle, obliged to warn the employee in writing of the breach of employment obligations and to warn the worker of the possibility of termination in case of continued breach.

In view of the personal insurance on the basis of which pension rights are exercised, the Croatian Pension Insurance Institute harmonizes the reported length of service in insurance with paid contributions. Accordingly, a special attention should be paid when registering and deregistering insured persons and correctly presenting data in the JOPPD form. Applications and deregistrations of insured persons are made in the determined forms that are published on the HZMO website. The registration of the insured in the pension insurance is performed at the earliest 8 days before the start of work or performance of activities and the deregistration is performed within 24 hours from the day of termination of the insurance.

Termination of the contract is certainly a current topic in civil and commercial obligations, and especially in the current situation due to events and circumstances related to the pandemic (COVID-19) and the earthquake which initially affected the business of entrepreneurs. Termination rules always imply a certain default termination schedule, which should comply with formalities and the obligation to take specific actions in a specific order so that termination can be properly achieved, so that both parties are adequately protected and equal and, finally, not to bear any detrimental property consequences.

In a short period of time, the legislator introduced similar obligations to entrepreneurs regarding e-business in two different acts, which caused a lot of confusion and ambiguity.

Due to the fact that two different obligations have been introduced for entrepreneurs, the author in this article clearly explains who, how and until when must submit information on the e-mail address to the court register, and who must and who can request access to the electronic communication system with courts via the ministry in charge of justice and within which deadlines.

In just over a hundred years, management has become a very influential and well-known profession, but today's brief conclusion related to this profession could read as follows: management today is present almost everywhere, from multinational corporations, to smaller business systems- Its techniques are applied in professional sports clubs, charities and state institutions. Two major management issues have arisen over time. The first problem with senior management is that it is almost irreplaceable, i.e. the management is very difficult to change. Another problem with top management is the amount of money they take home, that is, a legitimate question arises: how much do they really deserve to receive as compensation for their work, especially in relation to other employees? And finally the question can be asked: what should this profession look like in this century?

The criterion for selection of a bid in public procurement procedures is the most economically advantageous bid. It is determined on the basis of the price or the cost, applying the defined approaches. Due to the fact that this represents a relatively new binding approach to determining the most favourable bid, it is subject to review by both direct participants in public procurement procedures and readings in recent practice by the State Commission and the High Administrative Court.

Public procurement procedures are conducted in the Croatian language, which includes documentation on procurement and preparation of bids in the Croatian language and Latin script, and this language version represents exclusively the authentic text. Contracting authorities may provide in the procurement documents for certain derogations from this rule. In such a case the client in principle requires a translation by a certified court interpreter.

The article presents the practice of the State Commission for the Control of Public Procurement Procedures regarding the language of the bid and possible translation into Croatian if the use of a foreign language is limited.

1. Pregled kretanja
2. Industrijska proizvodnja RH i EU-a
3. Potrošačke cijene
4. Turizam
5. Trgovina na malo
6. Robna razmjena s inozemstvom
7. Prosječne mjesečne neto i bruto-plaće zaposlenih
8. Zaposlenost i nezaposlenost